1. Michael R. Schenk, Michael Putzier, Bjoern Ku¨ gler and et al. Postoperative Analgesia After Major Spine Surgery: Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia Versus Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia: Anesth Analg. 2006;103:1311–17. [
DOI:10.1213/01.ane/0000247966.49492.72] [
PMID]
2. Bianconi M, Ferraro L, Ricci R, et al. The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of ropivacaine continuous wound installation after spine fusion surgery. Anesth Analg. 2004;98:166 –72. [
DOI:10.1213/01.ANE.0000093310.47375.44] [
PMID]
3. Gottschalk A, Freitag M, Tank S, et al. Quality of postoperative pain using an intraoperatively placed epidural catheter after major lumbar surgery. Anesthesiology. 2004;101:175– 80. [
DOI:10.1097/00000542-200407000-00027] [
PMID]
4. Blumenthal S, Min K, Nadig M, Borgeat A. Double epidural catheter with ropivacaine versus intravenous morphine: a comparison for postoperative analgesia after scoliosis correction surgery. Anesthesiology. 2005;102:175– 80. [
DOI:10.1097/00000542-200501000-00026] [
PMID]
5. Eilers K, Schenk M, Putzier M, et al. Use of peridural catheters in the treatment of postoperative pain after spinal instrumented fusion–an experience report. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2002;140: 621–5. [
DOI:10.1055/s-2002-36043] [
PMID]
6. Sang Hoon Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Seong-Mee Cheong,et al; A Comparison of the Effect of Epidural Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia on Pain Control after Posterior Lumbar Instrumented Fusion: J Korean Neurosurg, 2011: 50 : 205-208. [
DOI:10.3340/jkns.2011.50.3.205] [
PMID] [
PMCID]
7. Lebovits AH, Zenetos P, O'Neill DK, Cox D, Dubois MY, Jansen LA, et al. Satisfaction with epidural and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Pain Med. 2001;2:280–286. [
DOI:10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01051.x] [
PMID]
8. Teng YH, Hu JS, Tsai SK, Liew C, Lui PW. Efficacy and adverse effects of patient-controlled epidural or intravenous analgesia after major surgery. Chang Gung Med J. 2004;27:877–886. [
PMID]
9. Kumar RJ, Menon KV, Ranjith TC. Use of epidural analgesia for pain management after major spinal surgery. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2003:11(1): 67–72. [
DOI:10.1177/230949900301100114] [
PMID]
10. Cata JP, Noguera EM, Parke E, Ebrahim Z, Kurz A, Kalfas I, et al. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative pain control after lumbar spine surgery. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2008;20: 256-260. [
DOI:10.1097/ANA.0b013e31817ffe90] [
PMID]
11. Fisher CG, Belanger L, Gofton EG, Umedaly HS, Noonan VK, Abramson C, et al. Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with patient-controlled epidural analgesia after lumbar spinal fusion. Spine. 2003;28:739-743.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200304150-00002 [
DOI:10.1097/01.BRS.0000058943.93281.28] [
PMID]
12. Van Boerum DH, Smith JT, Curtin MJ. A comparison of the effects of patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous opioids versus epidural analgesia on recovery after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 2000;25:2355-2357. [
DOI:10.1097/00007632-200009150-00014] [
PMID]
13. Lowry KJ, Tobias J, Kittle D, Burd T, Gaines RW. Postoperative pain control using epidural catheters after anterior spinal fusion for adolescent scoliosis. Spine. 2001;26:1290–3. [
DOI:10.1097/00007632-200106010-00024] [
PMID]
14. Cassady JF Jr, Lederhaas G, Cancel DD, et al. A randomized comparison of the effects of continuous thoracic epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after posterior spinal fusion in adolescents. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2000;25:246 –53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-7339(00)90006-3 [
DOI:10.1097/00115550-200005000-00007]
15. Shaw BA, Watson TC, Merzel DI, et al. The safety of continuous epidural infusion for postoperative analgesia in pediatric spine surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16:374 –7.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199605000-00016 [
DOI:10.1097/00004694-199605000-00016] [
PMID]
16. Cohen BE, Hartman MB, Wade JT, et al. Postoperative pain control after lumbar spine fusion. Patient-controlled analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia. Spine. 1997;22:1892–7. [
DOI:10.1097/00007632-199708150-00016] [
PMID]
17. Haitham Abou Zeid, Ahsan Khaliq Siddiqui, Ehab F. A. Elmakarem, Yasser Ghonaimy, Awatif Al Nafea, Comparison between intrathecal morphine with paravertebral patient controlled analgesia using Bupivacaine for intraoperative and post-thoracotomy pain relief. Saudi journal of anaesthesia 07/2012; 6(3):201-6. DOI: 10.4103/1658-354X.101204 [
DOI:10.4103/1658-354X.101204]