en Neurotrauma Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and Aim:</strong> Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) mostly develops the symptoms that may persist for over three months known as Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS). However, the PCS potential risk for mTBI victims is not well-identified. Here, we investigated the putative risk factors of PCS.<br> <strong>Methods and Materials/Patients:</strong> In a cross-sectional study, we collected (HIS) the demographic, clinical, and radiological data using the hospital information system in 388 mTBI patients who passed at least 3 months since the onset of their injury and referred to Poursina hospital from March 2017 to December 2018. The patients were examined to diagnose PCS by a general physician using the phone interview via the Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). The subjects were separated into groups with and without PCS. Data were analyzed by parametric t-test, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> One-hundred ninety one out of 388 mTBI patients consented to complete the RPQ and around 59% of cases experienced PCS. There was no significant difference in the demographic variables and past medical history between groups. However, the previous psychological disease was particularly associated with PCS (P>0.043). Length of hospitalization, functional outcome during discharge, and post-resuscitation consciousness did not show any significant association with PCS (P<0.05). Interestingly, initial abnormal brain scan, fronto-temporal lesion, and accompanied hematoma (hemorrhages) were identified as risk factors of mTBI-induced PCS. The risk of PCS was found to increase by 7.2 times in mTBI patients demonstrated as an abnormality in their initial brain scans (P<0.001). A directly proportional relationship was found between the occurrence of the syndrome and the fronto-temporal lesion (P<0.017). Accompanied hematoma enhanced the risk of PCS by 2.6 times (P<0.04).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study emphasized the significance of early brain scan data for the prediction of PCS and the necessity of proper follow-up care for the at-risk population. The reported data from this study might be applied as&nbsp;an objective trajectory to measure PCS in those who simulated PCS for the litigation.</div> Mild traumatic brain injury, Post-concussion syndrome, neuroimaging, Risk factors 73 82 http://irjns.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-129-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seddigheh Eslamparast eslamparasts@gmail.com 10031947532846005878 10031947532846005878 No Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Zoheir Rehianian Zoheir.reihanian@gmail.com 10031947532846005879 10031947532846005879 No Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Sara Ramezani s.ramezanislp@gmail.com 10031947532846005880 10031947532846005880 Yes Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran