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Background and Aim: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) mostly develops the symptoms that may persist for over three months and is named post-concussion syndrome (PCS). There is a gap for the identification of PCS risk factors in mTBI victims. Putative risk factors were investigated, hear. 
Methods and materials/Patients: In a cross-sectional study, demographic, clinical and radiological data of 388 mTBI patients referred to Poursina hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 and have spent at least 3 months since TBI onset were collected using hospital information system (HIS). The patients were subjectively examined to diagnosis PCS by a general physician using the phone interview via Rivermead Post-concussion symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ). The subjects separated to groups with and without PCS. Data was analyzed by proper statistical tests.

Results: Of 388 mTBI patients 191 people consent to complete the RPQ. About 59.17% of people were experienced PCS. There was no significant difference in demographic variables and past medical history between groups. However, previous psychological disease particularly was associated with PCS (P>0.043). Length of hospitalization, functional outcome during discharge and post-resuscitation consciousness did not show any significant association with PCS (P< 0.05). Interestingly, initial abnormal brain scan, fronto-temporal lesion and accompanied hemorrhages were identified as risk factors of mTBI-induced PCS. A direct proportional relationship was found between the occurrence of the syndrome and the severity of trauma.

 Conclusion: This study emphasized on the significance of early brain scans data for the prediction of PCS appearance and the necessity of proper follow-up care for the population at risk as well as suggested to apply this data as an objective trajectory to measure PCS in those who simulated PCS for the litigation.    

Keywords: Mild traumatic brain injury, Post-concussion syndrome, neuroimaging, Risk factors

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