• Intraocular pressure significantly increased during prone-position laminectomy in patients receiving isoflurane.

• Propofol maintained significantly lower intraocular pressure than isoflurane during prone-position surgery.

• The difference in intraocular pressure between the two anesthetic groups became significant at 30 and 60 minutes after prone positioning.

• Longer duration of anesthesia in the prone position was associated with increased intraocular pressure.

• Propofol may be preferable for patients at risk of elevated intraocular pressure during prolonged spine surgery.

● Condylus tertius (also known as the TOC, the median occipital condyle, or the basilar tubercle) is a rare condition named by Merkel in 1815.

● Condylus tertius may imitate an OC fracture in a trauma case with good response to conservative treatment for post-traumatic symptoms.

● The effect of an occasional median joint of the TOC with C1 and or dens of axis may be the reinforcement of the craniovertebral region or hampering the motions of the head and neck.

● Posterior-only approach provides a safe and effective option for managing T1–T2 disc herniation with minimal morbidity.

● Precise localization and intraoperative navigation are essential to avoid complications due to the complex upper thoracic anatomy.

● This case supports posterior decompression as a feasible alternative to anterior or combined approaches in selected T1–T2 cases.

● Pre-treatment NLR and PLR do not predict survival in GBM.

● Baseline inflammatory indices are not independent prognostic markers.

● Only single measurements limit the utility of blood-based biomarkers.

● Survival in GBM is not driven by static peripheral immune profiles.

● Dynamic immune monitoring is needed for better risk stratification.

● Vascular and tail signs were observed in many patients undergoing parotid surgery.

● Vascular and tail signs may serve as useful landmarks in parotid surgery.

● These signs may help surgeons identify and preserve the facial nerve.

● Future studies should compare these signs with landmarks and assess racial differences