Hassan Ahmadvand, Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi, Ahmad Sayahi, Jafar Rezaian,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (3-2016)
Abstract
Apoptosis is a kind of programmed cell death that is naturally necessary for homeostasis and some processes like organogenesis and implantation of embryo; so it is not pathologic and harmful all the time. The purpose of this commentary was to describe the ways of stimulating and inhibiting the apoptosis process; because rather in the therapeutic protocols we should stimulate or inhibit the process in order to minimize the effects of the traumas and injuries. For using the first results in therapeutic protocols; for example, in order to take action against tumors, we should stimulate apoptosis with chemotherapeutic drugs or other alternatives. On the contrary, in physical traumas of spinal cord, we should inhibit apoptosis with chemical drugs or other alternatives in order to reduce secondary paralysis and other side effects. By collecting the present results and comparing them with our previous original articles, we reached some ideas for the future original research and therapeutic proposals.
Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi, Mohammad Javad Nourmohammadi, Ahmed Sayahi, Babak Alijani, Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Jafar Rezaian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (Continuous publishing 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after acute spinal cord injury on increasing a grade of improvement
entitled American spinal cord injury association impairment scale (AIS) as an individual participant
data (IPD) meta-regression analysis of clinical trials.
Methods and Materials/Patients: According to our search strategy, four studies were selected.
Multilevel ordered logistic regression modeling was used to predict AIS grade with G-CSF
administration and time variable (first day and a 3-month follow-up). The IDs of the studies as well
as the time series variable were imported to the random part of the model. Odds ratio (OR) and
95% confidence interval (CI) were reported.
Results: A total of 277 samples were studied. A fixed effect model was performed at first.
Accordingly, using G-CSF was associated with increased AIS grade (lower impairment) (OR=1.503,
95% CI=1.110-2.035) adjusted with time series (OR=1.868, 95% CI=1.378-2.532). In the mixed
effect model, G-CSF was again associated with increased AIS grade (OR=1.780, 95% CI=1.301-
2.436) adjusted with time series (OR=2.152, 95% CI=1.406-3.294).
Conclusion: The present meta-analysis showed the protective effect of GCS-F observed as an
improvement in AIS grade. This protecting effect was further after adjusting the random effects
of time series and individual studies. Although multilevel modeling could reduce our limitations,
it should be regarded that the number of trials was not enough to establish strong conclusions.
