● Halo vest orthosis is used for cervical spine fractures.
● The most common complications of halo vest orthosis are pin-site related infections and loosening.
● There are many complications of halo vest that are related to halo vest placement.
Plain Language Summary 
Halo vest orthosis is used for variable cervical spine fractures. In this narrative study, we review the complications of halo vest orthosis. It has many different complications. The most common complications are related to pin-site infection and loosening. Some complications are related to halo vest orthosis placement.

● Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is relatively common after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and 15% of patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI developed ALI. 
● The frequency of patients who progressed to acute lung injury by the third day of hospitalization increased, compared to that of the first day. Moreover, the highest frequency respected the age group of 20-30 years (55.1%).
● The obtained results signified that on the third day, the highest frequency of acute lung injury concerned epidural hematoma (52%), Subdural Hematoma (SDH) (36%), and contusion (35.2%).
● The development of ALI is a critical independent factor affecting mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury, although this difference was not significant.
Plain Language Summary 
Pulmonary complications, such as Acute Lung Injury (ALI) occur in 20%-25% of patients with isolated brain injury and have a poor prognosis. The present study aimed to determine the incidence of ALI in trauma patients who were admitted to Poursina Hospital. We aimed to assess the impact of ALI on mortality after isolated traumatic brain injury. Moreover, we intended to identify whether the development of ALI correlates with the severity of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). For this purpose, clinical data were collected in 2 years at Poursina Hospital. Our results addressed the highest frequency of ALI following TBI on the first day of hospitalization, in men (0.41%) in the age group of 40-50 years (7%) with severe brain damage (6%) and subdural hematoma (12%) following a motorcycle-car accident; on the third day of hospitalization, they were detected in men (43.8%) in the age group of 20-30 years (55%) with severe brain damage (42%) and epidural hematoma (52%), following a motorcycle accident. Besides, no significant correlation was observed between the incidence of ALI and mortality, the duration of hospitalization, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), mean head AIS score, or the extent of received blood units. The development of ALI is a critical independent factor affecting mortality in patients with TBI. According to the present study findings, men aged 20-30 years with severe cerebral injury, intra-parenchymal hemorrhage, and a motorcycle accident presented the highest rate of progression toward ALI during the first to third days of hospitalization.

● Intradiscal broken surgical scalpel during discectomy is not a very rare scenario and most of us have experienced this complication, at least once.
● If this complication occurs, the surgeon should not become agitated, since he can easily use extraforaminal or extended extraforaminal route for retrieval of the hidden scalpel.
● Surgical microscope is necessary for retrieval.
● If the hidden object cannot be seen via these routes, the surgeon can change the corridor to transforaminal route with removal of the pars interarticularis. Obviously, pedicle screw fixation will be necessary either in the same or another session.
Plain Language Summary 
The surgical knife might be broken during simple lumbar discectomy. The authors describe different approaches, including a new corridor for retrieval of the broken scalpel.

● Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma (ODG) are rare in pediatric age. They are generally parenchymatous in location.
● Only few cases of intraventricular oligodendrogliomas are reported which are observed in adults. Pediatric intraventricular oligodendroglioma is extremely rare.
● Radiologically, our pre-operative diagnosis was ependymoma. The patient underwent gross total resection of the tumor.
● Microscopic examination of specimen supported by IHC and chromosomal analysis accurately diagnosed the tumor as anaplastic ODG.
● The patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. He had recurrence within 6 month.
Plain Language Summary 
Oligodendrogliomas (ODG) are rare in pediatric age unlike in adults. They arise from oligodendrocytes which are found in brain parenchyma hence they are typically found in those regions. Sometimes subependymal embryonic nest cells may differentiate and give rise to intraventricular ODGs which are extremely rare and only few case reports are present among adult population. Diagnosis is difficult preoperatively due to non-specific radiological features. With the advent of newer molecular and chromosomal analysis techniques, we are able to detect such tumors more accurately and formulate further plan of management. ODGs have good response to chemotherapy but anaplastic ODGs have poor prognosis and they tend to spread along CSF to spine.

• Ependymomas can present as multifocal tumors. 
• Intradural extramedullary ependymomas are very rare.
• Surgery and adjuvant radiation are a good treatment for high-grade ependymomas. 
Plain Language Summary 
    Ependymomas are rare tumors that originate from the central nervous system. Given their rarity, there are no clearly defined guidelines about their management, particularly in cases where tumors present in multiple regions of the brain and spinal cord. In this report, the authors present an interesting case of a 53-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with difficulty urinating and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Imaging studies revealed the presence of tumors in the brain and spinal cord consistent with the diagnosis of ependymoma. The patient received surgery along with radiation therapy and has been in remission since. We hope the findings of our case report add valuable information to the field of medicine by raising awareness about these tumors and encouraging physicians to consider ependymomas on their differential diagnoses when evaluating patients. Additionally, given our success with treatment, we hope to contribute to the existing literature on the treatment of these tumors, and the development of management guidelines

● Traumatic Cervical spondyloptosis without neurological deficit was successfully treated with combined approach.
● Novel anterior/posterior approach is important for correcting C6-C7 spondyloptosis.
Plain Language Summary 
Traumatic spinal injury due to its catastrophic outcomes has a mountable effect on the patient’s quality of life and burden of diseases. Many of these kinds of trauma are related to spinal fractures which are often related to neurological deficits such as complete or incomplete spinal cord injuries. Interestingly, we reported a refereed patient from a port-town city in Iran with a history of motor vehicle accidents who was diagnosed with complete cervical C6-C7 dislocation. Although studies show that this kind of fracture often manifests with a new neurological problem, our patient presented no neurological deficit. Complete cervical dislocation is the required emergency surgical treatment, which is anterior or posterior cervical fixation. Gardner traction was applied for the patient with gradual increasing weight to achieve optimal reduction. Then, the patient underwent posterior fixation followed by anterior Cervical discectomy and fusion to achieve 360 degrees fixation.