• Due to the increasing use of pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their side effects on bone repair, they may have the potential to induce failure in lumbar fusion surgery.
• The present findings show that the use of pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole is more destructive for the ossification process in candidates for spinal fusion.
• So, H2-blocking drugs, such as famotidine are preferable in this situation after further investigations.

● In this retrospective study, the clinical profile and surgical management of 27 intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) operated between 2007 and 2021 were analyzed.
● Motor weakness and pain were the most common symptoms.
● Dorsal spine is the most common location of IMSCTs.
● Ependymoma is the most common histological type.
● Other lesions are glioma, hemangioblastoma, lipoma, schwannoma, lymphoma, capillary hemangioma, arachnoid cyst, and epidermoid cyst with spinal dysraphism. Tumors with a clear interface with the spinal cord underwent gross total resection (GTR). GTR was not attempted in tumors with surrounding spinal cord infiltration

● Endoscopic surgeries were mainly limited to transsphenoidal and intraventricular surgeries. In this study, the role of the endoscope in transcranial extraventricular regions of the brain has been described.
● Transcranial endoscope can reach the deep-seated regions of the brain with a narrow corridor, giving good illumination and magnification at the site of surgery.
● Microscopic inaccessible areas can be visualized using an endoscope. It can be used as a complementary to the microscope.
● Authors have used transcranial extraventricular endoscopic surgeries (TEESs) for performing microvascular decompression, pineal tumor excision, craniopharyngioma excision, cerebellopontine angle epidermoid cyst excision, petrous neurenteric cyst excision, and internal carotid artery aneurysm clipping.
● TEES has shown improved outcomes in neurosurgical procedures.