• Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellites (DM) and under corticosteroid therapy are predisposed to COVID-19 associated with rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM).
• Involvement of the brain lobes in ROCM is rare. Thus, clinicians should be aware that blurred consciousness can be a sign of extension of the infection into the intracranial cavity.
• The collaboration of a multidisciplinary team for providing prompt treatment with antifungal agents along with timely aggressive resection are the mainstays of management for ROCM and could provide patient survival.

● We modified the GoPro Hero 6 camera.
● In our model, the cost of the camera and the endovision system is so much reduced compared with available HD systems.
● Our model provides 4K colored high resolution operative images which are easily recordable.

● Because of direct contact during surgery between neurosurgeons and their patients, all neurosurgeons, and the surgical team must be protected from contracting COVID-19.
● In cases that need a non-urgent operation, systematic SARS-CoV-2 testing of low-risk patients (asymptomatic and no history of travel or contact with COVID-19 patients) should be considered. After doing preoperative SRAS-COV-2 testing, in infected patients, if possible, delaying the procedures until they are cured and in negative cases, decreasing the usage of protective equipment should be regarded.
● There is a lower risk of SARS-COV-2 with :after delaying all nonemergent cases, replacing general anesthesia with other anesthesia methods if possible, replacing neurosurgical approaches with alternative approaches that bypass the respiratory tract, and decreasing the usage of aerosol-generating instruments, including drills, electrocautery, ultrasonic aspirators, lasers, and carbon dioxide insufflators.

• Given the profound biochemical effects of vitamin D on numerous pathways, this vitamin appeared useful in the acute phase of severe TBI.
• The present findings demonstrated the improving effect of vitamin D on level of consciousness in patients with acute TBI.
• Further studies with larger samples are required for clarifying the effects of other medications such as methylphenidate and amantadine.

• Asymptomatic anal protrusion of the peritoneal end of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a common symptom of bowel perforation.
• The actual mechanism of shunt extrusion is unknown so far.
• In infants, the time between the initial shunt procedure and the subsequent detection of intestinal perforation is minimal, but it tends to rise with age.
• The extruded end can easily be removed from the migrated orifice without the need for extensive surgery.

• Battery life in Parkinson’s movement disorder and tremor is longer than that of dystonia.
• The battery life of Soletra model is longer than that of Kinetra which is longer than Activa.
• Any battery replacement surgery reduces battery life.

• The COVID-19 epidemic has increased anxiety, stress, depression, death thoughts, poor sleep quality, and mental health in people with Parkinson’s disease.
• The COVID-19-related anxiety in people with Parkinson’s disease and fear of developing COVID-19 caused patients to experience a low quality of life.
• Home quarantine and social isolation due to the outbreak of COVID-19 have led to reduced physical activity and limited access to medication.

• Factors, such as low level of education, female gender, old age, low income level, and the severity of the disease were negatively correlated with mental health and quality of life.

• Spinal EDH occurs spontaneously or following trauma.
• If not treated properly, rapid progression of spinal EDH leads to permanent neurological deficits.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine with magnetic resonance angiography is the radiological investigation tool used to diagnose spinal EDH.
• Immediate surgical intervention ensures good neurological recovery.
• Spontaneous resolution of spinal EDH occurs rarely.

• Oral vitamin D administration has a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion surgery due to degenerative surgery.
• It also has a good effect on vertebral endplate Modic change compared with oral bisphosphonate.
• Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to definitively prove vitamin D effects on spine fusion and Modic changes conversion.

•             Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic multiorgan disease. Early diagnosis and management of tuberous sclerosisaim to prevent complications.
•             Here we discuss the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with a seizure disorder and hypopigmented patches on his face and body.
•             Further evaluation showed subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in his brain and multiple hamartomatous lesion in the liver and kidney. Hypopigmented patches on his body were later identified by a dermatologist as shagreen patches.
•             Based on the tuberous sclerosis complex consensus conference 2012 criteria, a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis was established.
•             We hereby emphasize diagnosis based on clinical criteria rather than time-consuming and expensive genetic tests for diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Frequent and regular follow-up of such patients helps to deal with complications and improve the patient's quality of life.